A2 Finance

Calculators

Use our financial calculators to compare loans and calculate different indicators, such as CAGR. You can also evaluate how profitable a deposit in the bank would be or compare different deposits. The dividend discount calculator, also known as the Gordon growth model calculator, is perfect for investors. It helps you can determine the rate of growth of dividends, which can be useful when comparing companies and their dividends.

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Asset Turnover Ratio

The formula for the asset turnover ratio evaluates how well a company is utilizing its assets to produce revenue

Asset to Sales Ratio

The asset to sales formula can be used to compare how much in assets a company has relative to the amount of revenues the company can generate using their assets.

Average Collection Period

The average collection period is the amount of time it takes for a business to receive payments owed in terms of accounts receivable.

Contribution Margin

The formula for contribution margin is the sales price of a product minus its variable costs. In other words, calculating the contribution margin determines the sales amount left over after adjusting for the variable costs of selling additional products.

Current Ratio

The Current Ratio provides a calculable means to determining a company's liquidity in the short term.

Days in Inventory

This formula is used to determine how quickly a company is converting their inventory into sales.

Debt Coverage Ratio

The debt coverage ratio is used in banking to determine a company's ability to generate enough income in its operations to cover the expense of a debt.

Debt Ratio

The debt ratio is a financial leverage ratio used along with other financial leverage ratios to measure a company's ability to handle its obligations.

Debt to Equity Ratio, D/E

Used to measure a company's ability to handle its long term and short term obligations.

Inventory Turnover Ratio, ITR

The formula for the inventory turnover ratio measures how well a company is turning their inventory into sales

Net Profit Margin, NPM

The net profit margin formula looks at how much of a company's revenues are kept as net income

Net Working Capital, NWC

The formula for net working capital (NWC), sometimes referred to as simply working capital, is used to determine the availability of a company's liquid assets by subtracting its current liabilities

Payback Period, PP

The payback period formula is used to determine the length of time it will take to recoup the initial amount invested on a project or investment
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Quick Ratio

The Quick Ratio is used for determining a company's ability to cover its short term debt with assets that can readily be transferred into cash, or quick assets

Receivables Turnover Ratio

The receivables turnover ratio formula , sometimes referred to as accounts receivable turnover, is sales divided by the average of accounts receivables

Return on Assets, ROA

The return on assets formula looks at the ability of a company to utilize its assets to gain a net profit

Return on Equity, ROE

The formula for return on equity, sometimes abbreviated as ROE, is a company's net income divided by its average stockholder's equity

Dividend Payout Ratio, DPR

Formula is used when considering whether to invest in a profitable company that pays out dividends versus a profitable company that has high growth potential.

Dividend Yield, DY

The formula for the dividend yield is used to calculate the percentage return on a stock based solely on dividends.

Dividends Per Share, DPS

The formula for dividends per share, or DPS, is the annual dividends paid divided by the number of shares outstanding.
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Gordon growth model calculator

Gordon Model is used to determine the current price of a security. The Gordon model assumes that the current price of a security will be affected by the dividends, the growth rate of the dividends, and the required rate of return by shareholders. Use the Gordon Model Calculator below to solve the formula.

Annuity Payment Factor, PV

The annuity payment factor is used to simplify calculations for an annuity payment. The formula is specifically for simplifying annuity payment calculations when the present value of the annuity is known(in contrast to the future value being known).

Annuity Payment from Future Value

The annuity payment formula is used to calculate the cash flows of an annuity when future value is known. An annuity is denoted as a series of periodic payments.

Annuity Payment, PV

The annuity payment formula is used to calculate the periodic payment on an annuity. An annuity is a series of periodic payments that are received at a future date.

Asset Turnover Ratio

The formula for the asset turnover ratio evaluates how well a company is utilizing its assets to produce revenue

Asset to Sales Ratio

The asset to sales formula can be used to compare how much in assets a company has relative to the amount of revenues the company can generate using their assets.

Average Collection Period

The average collection period is the amount of time it takes for a business to receive payments owed in terms of accounts receivable.

Balloon loan payment

The balloon loan payment formula is used to calculate the payments on a loan that has a balance remaining after all periodic payments are made

Continuous Compounding

The continuous compounding formula is used to determine the interest earned on an account that is constantly compounded, essentially leading to an infinite amount of compounding periods

Doubling Time

The Doubling Time formula is used in Finance to calculate the length of time required to double an investment or money in an interest bearing account
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Doubling Time Continuous Compounding

The doubling time formula with continuous compounding is the natural log of 2 divided by the rate of return

Future Value Of Annuity Due Payment

Online calculator to calculate the future value of investments based on annuity payment, interest rate and number of payments
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Future Value of Annuity Due, FVAD

The future value of annuity due formula is used to calculate the ending value of a series of payments or cash flows where the first payment is received immediately.

Future Value of Annuity, FVA

The future value of an annuity formula is used to calculate what the value at a future date would be for a series of periodic payments

Future Value of Growing Annuity, FVGA

The formula for the future value of a growing annuity is used to calculate the future amount of a series of cash flows, or payments, that grow at a proportionate rate

Growing Annuity Payment, GAP

The growing annuity payment from present value formula shown above is used to calculate the initial payment of a series of periodic payments that grow at a proportional rate

Loan to Value Ratio, LVR

The formula for the loan to value ratio is most commonly referenced in auto loans and mortgages, but can be applied to any loan that is secured with collateral including boat loans, RV loans, and certain types of commercial loans.
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Net Working Capital, NWC

The formula for net working capital (NWC), sometimes referred to as simply working capital, is used to determine the availability of a company's liquid assets by subtracting its current liabilities

Preferred Stock, PV

A preferred stock is a type of stock that provides dividends prior to any dividend paid to common stocks

Present Value of Annuity Due Payment

Online calculator to calculate the present value of investments based on annuity payment, interest rate and number of payments

Present Value of Perpetuity

A perpetuity is a type of annuity that receives an infinite amount of periodic payments

Present Value of Stock with Zero Growth

The formula for the present value of a stock with zero growth is dividends per period divided by the required return per period

Bid-Ask Spread

The bid ask spread formula is the difference between the asking price and bid price of a particular investment. The bid ask spread may be used for various investments and is primarily used in investments that sell on an exchange.

Bond Equivalent Yield

The bond equivalent yield formula is used to determine the annual yield on a discount, or zero coupon, bond.

Book Value per Share, BVPS

The book value per share formula is used to calculate the per share value of a company based on its equity available to common shareholders. The term "book value" is a company's assets minus its liabilities and is sometimes referred to as stockholder's equity, owner's equity, shareholder's equity, or simply equity.
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Capital Asset Pricing Model, CAPM

The capital asset pricing model provides a formula that calculates the expected return on a security based on its level of risk.

Capital Gains Yield

The formula for the capital gains yield is used to calculate the return on a stock based solely on the appreciation of the stock. The formula for capital gains yield does not include dividends paid on the stock, which can be found using the dividend yield.

Current Yield

Current yield is a bond's annual return based on its annual coupon payments and current price (as opposed to its original price or face).

Diluted Earnings per Share

Diluted earnings per share, or Diluted EPS, is a firm's net income divided by the sum of it's average shares and other convertible instruments.

Dividend Yield, DY

The formula for the dividend yield is used to calculate the percentage return on a stock based solely on dividends.

Dividends Per Share, DPS

The formula for dividends per share, or DPS, is the annual dividends paid divided by the number of shares outstanding.

Equity Multiplier, EM

Equity multiplier is a financial leverage ratio that evaluates a company's use of debt to purchase assets
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Estimated Earnings, EE

The formula for estimated earnings is forecasted sales minus forecasted expenses

Preferred Stock, PV

A preferred stock is a type of stock that provides dividends prior to any dividend paid to common stocks
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Present Value of Stock with Zero Growth

The formula for the present value of a stock with zero growth is dividends per period divided by the required return per period

Price to Book Value, P/BV

Used to compare a company's net assets available to common shareholders relative to the sale price of its stock

Price to Earnings Ratio, P/E

The price to earnings ratio is used as a quick calculation for how a company's stock is perceived by the market to be worth relative to the company's earnings
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Price to Sales Ratio, P/S

The formula for price to sales ratio, sometimes referenced as the P/S Ratio, is the perceived value of a stock by the market compared to the revenues of the company

Banking

Banking formulas and calculators

Annual Percentage Yield, APY

Allows you to simplify the comparison of profitability for annual compound interest with different income accrual intervals (when interest is accrued several times a year at the annual compound interest rate)

Debt to Income Ratio, D/I

The debt to income ratio is used in lending to calculate an applicant's ability to meet the payments on the new loan.

Doubling Time - Simple Interest

Used to calculate how long it would take to double the balance on an interesting bearing account that has simple interest.

Loan to Deposit Ratio, LDR

The loan to deposit ratio is used to calculate a lending institutions ability to cover withdrawals made by its customers

Loan to Value Ratio, LVR

The formula for the loan to value ratio is most commonly referenced in auto loans and mortgages, but can be applied to any loan that is secured with collateral including boat loans, RV loans, and certain types of commercial loans.

Deposits

Deposits

Balloon loan payment

The balloon loan payment formula is used to calculate the payments on a loan that has a balance remaining after all periodic payments are made

Loan to Deposit Ratio, LDR

The loan to deposit ratio is used to calculate a lending institutions ability to cover withdrawals made by its customers

Simple savings calculator

The simple savings calculator shows how your investment can grow based on initial and additional deposits, plus interest.

General Finance

General Finance Formulas and Calculators

Annuity Payment Factor, PV

The annuity payment factor is used to simplify calculations for an annuity payment. The formula is specifically for simplifying annuity payment calculations when the present value of the annuity is known(in contrast to the future value being known).

Annuity Payment from Future Value

The annuity payment formula is used to calculate the cash flows of an annuity when future value is known. An annuity is denoted as a series of periodic payments.

Annuity Payment, PV

The annuity payment formula is used to calculate the periodic payment on an annuity. An annuity is a series of periodic payments that are received at a future date.

Doubling Time - Simple Interest

Used to calculate how long it would take to double the balance on an interesting bearing account that has simple interest.

Future Value Factor, FVF

The formula for the future value factor is used to calculate the future value of an amount per dollar of its present value

Future Value Of Annuity Due Payment

Online calculator to calculate the future value of investments based on annuity payment, interest rate and number of payments

Future Value, FV

Future Value (FV) is a formula used in finance to calculate the value of a cash flow at a later date than originally received.
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Growing Annuity Payment, GAP

The growing annuity payment from present value formula shown above is used to calculate the initial payment of a series of periodic payments that grow at a proportional rate

Present Value of Annuity Due Payment

Online calculator to calculate the present value of investments based on annuity payment, interest rate and number of payments
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Present Value of Perpetuity

A perpetuity is a type of annuity that receives an infinite amount of periodic payments

Rule of 72

The Rule of 72 is a simple formula used to estimate the length of time required to double an investment

Annual Percentage Yield, APY

Allows you to simplify the comparison of profitability for annual compound interest with different income accrual intervals (when interest is accrued several times a year at the annual compound interest rate)

Bid-Ask Spread

The bid ask spread formula is the difference between the asking price and bid price of a particular investment. The bid ask spread may be used for various investments and is primarily used in investments that sell on an exchange.

Book Value per Share, BVPS

The book value per share formula is used to calculate the per share value of a company based on its equity available to common shareholders. The term "book value" is a company's assets minus its liabilities and is sometimes referred to as stockholder's equity, owner's equity, shareholder's equity, or simply equity.

CAGR, Compound Annual Growth Rate

Calculator and formula for calculating CAGR, average annual growth rate

Capital Asset Pricing Model, CAPM

The capital asset pricing model provides a formula that calculates the expected return on a security based on its level of risk.

Capital Gains Yield

The formula for the capital gains yield is used to calculate the return on a stock based solely on the appreciation of the stock. The formula for capital gains yield does not include dividends paid on the stock, which can be found using the dividend yield.

Contribution Margin

The formula for contribution margin is the sales price of a product minus its variable costs. In other words, calculating the contribution margin determines the sales amount left over after adjusting for the variable costs of selling additional products.

Current Ratio

The Current Ratio provides a calculable means to determining a company's liquidity in the short term.

Current Yield

Current yield is a bond's annual return based on its annual coupon payments and current price (as opposed to its original price or face).

Debt to Equity Ratio, D/E

Used to measure a company's ability to handle its long term and short term obligations.

Earnings Per Share, EPS

The formula for earnings per share, or EPS, is a company's net income expressed on a per share basis
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Estimated Earnings, EE

The formula for estimated earnings is forecasted sales minus forecasted expenses
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Future Value Factor, FVF

The formula for the future value factor is used to calculate the future value of an amount per dollar of its present value
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Gordon growth model calculator

Gordon Model is used to determine the current price of a security. The Gordon model assumes that the current price of a security will be affected by the dividends, the growth rate of the dividends, and the required rate of return by shareholders. Use the Gordon Model Calculator below to solve the formula.

Growing Annuity Payment from Future Value, GAP from FV

The growing annuity payment formula using future value is used to calculate the first cash flow or payment of a series of cash flows that grow at a proportional rate
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Interest Coverage Ratio, ICR

The formula for the interest coverage ratio is used to measure a company's earnings relative to the amount of interest that it pays

Payback Period, PP

The payback period formula is used to determine the length of time it will take to recoup the initial amount invested on a project or investment

Price to Book Value, P/BV

Used to compare a company's net assets available to common shareholders relative to the sale price of its stock
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Price to Earnings Ratio, P/E

The price to earnings ratio is used as a quick calculation for how a company's stock is perceived by the market to be worth relative to the company's earnings

Price to Sales Ratio, P/S

The formula for price to sales ratio, sometimes referenced as the P/S Ratio, is the perceived value of a stock by the market compared to the revenues of the company

Quick Ratio

The Quick Ratio is used for determining a company's ability to cover its short term debt with assets that can readily be transferred into cash, or quick assets

Receivables Turnover Ratio

The receivables turnover ratio formula , sometimes referred to as accounts receivable turnover, is sales divided by the average of accounts receivables

Return on Assets, ROA

The return on assets formula looks at the ability of a company to utilize its assets to gain a net profit

Return on Equity, ROE

The formula for return on equity, sometimes abbreviated as ROE, is a company's net income divided by its average stockholder's equity
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Annual Percentage Yield, APY

Allows you to simplify the comparison of profitability for annual compound interest with different income accrual intervals (when interest is accrued several times a year at the annual compound interest rate)
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Annuity Payment Factor, PV

The annuity payment factor is used to simplify calculations for an annuity payment. The formula is specifically for simplifying annuity payment calculations when the present value of the annuity is known(in contrast to the future value being known).

Annuity Payment from Future Value

The annuity payment formula is used to calculate the cash flows of an annuity when future value is known. An annuity is denoted as a series of periodic payments.

Annuity Payment, PV

The annuity payment formula is used to calculate the periodic payment on an annuity. An annuity is a series of periodic payments that are received at a future date.

Asset Turnover Ratio

The formula for the asset turnover ratio evaluates how well a company is utilizing its assets to produce revenue

Asset to Sales Ratio

The asset to sales formula can be used to compare how much in assets a company has relative to the amount of revenues the company can generate using their assets.

Average Collection Period

The average collection period is the amount of time it takes for a business to receive payments owed in terms of accounts receivable.

Balloon loan payment

The balloon loan payment formula is used to calculate the payments on a loan that has a balance remaining after all periodic payments are made
new

Bid-Ask Spread

The bid ask spread formula is the difference between the asking price and bid price of a particular investment. The bid ask spread may be used for various investments and is primarily used in investments that sell on an exchange.

Bond Equivalent Yield

The bond equivalent yield formula is used to determine the annual yield on a discount, or zero coupon, bond.

Book Value per Share, BVPS

The book value per share formula is used to calculate the per share value of a company based on its equity available to common shareholders. The term "book value" is a company's assets minus its liabilities and is sometimes referred to as stockholder's equity, owner's equity, shareholder's equity, or simply equity.

CAGR, Compound Annual Growth Rate

Calculator and formula for calculating CAGR, average annual growth rate

Capital Asset Pricing Model, CAPM

The capital asset pricing model provides a formula that calculates the expected return on a security based on its level of risk.

Capital Gains Yield

The formula for the capital gains yield is used to calculate the return on a stock based solely on the appreciation of the stock. The formula for capital gains yield does not include dividends paid on the stock, which can be found using the dividend yield.

Continuous Compounding

The continuous compounding formula is used to determine the interest earned on an account that is constantly compounded, essentially leading to an infinite amount of compounding periods

Contribution Margin

The formula for contribution margin is the sales price of a product minus its variable costs. In other words, calculating the contribution margin determines the sales amount left over after adjusting for the variable costs of selling additional products.

Current Ratio

The Current Ratio provides a calculable means to determining a company's liquidity in the short term.

Current Yield

Current yield is a bond's annual return based on its annual coupon payments and current price (as opposed to its original price or face).

Days in Inventory

This formula is used to determine how quickly a company is converting their inventory into sales.

Debt Coverage Ratio

The debt coverage ratio is used in banking to determine a company's ability to generate enough income in its operations to cover the expense of a debt.

Debt Ratio

The debt ratio is a financial leverage ratio used along with other financial leverage ratios to measure a company's ability to handle its obligations.
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Debt to Equity Ratio, D/E

Used to measure a company's ability to handle its long term and short term obligations.

Debt to Income Ratio, D/I

The debt to income ratio is used in lending to calculate an applicant's ability to meet the payments on the new loan.
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Diluted Earnings per Share

Diluted earnings per share, or Diluted EPS, is a firm's net income divided by the sum of it's average shares and other convertible instruments.
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Dividend Payout Ratio, DPR

Formula is used when considering whether to invest in a profitable company that pays out dividends versus a profitable company that has high growth potential.

Dividend Yield, DY

The formula for the dividend yield is used to calculate the percentage return on a stock based solely on dividends.

Dividends Per Share, DPS

The formula for dividends per share, or DPS, is the annual dividends paid divided by the number of shares outstanding.

Doubling Time

The Doubling Time formula is used in Finance to calculate the length of time required to double an investment or money in an interest bearing account

Doubling Time - Simple Interest

Used to calculate how long it would take to double the balance on an interesting bearing account that has simple interest.

Doubling Time Continuous Compounding

The doubling time formula with continuous compounding is the natural log of 2 divided by the rate of return

Earnings Per Share, EPS

The formula for earnings per share, or EPS, is a company's net income expressed on a per share basis
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Equity Multiplier, EM

Equity multiplier is a financial leverage ratio that evaluates a company's use of debt to purchase assets
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Estimated Earnings, EE

The formula for estimated earnings is forecasted sales minus forecasted expenses

Future Value Factor, FVF

The formula for the future value factor is used to calculate the future value of an amount per dollar of its present value

Future Value Of Annuity Due Payment

Online calculator to calculate the future value of investments based on annuity payment, interest rate and number of payments

Future Value of Annuity Due, FVAD

The future value of annuity due formula is used to calculate the ending value of a series of payments or cash flows where the first payment is received immediately.

Future Value of Annuity, FVA

The future value of an annuity formula is used to calculate what the value at a future date would be for a series of periodic payments

Future Value of Growing Annuity, FVGA

The formula for the future value of a growing annuity is used to calculate the future amount of a series of cash flows, or payments, that grow at a proportionate rate

Future Value, FV

Future Value (FV) is a formula used in finance to calculate the value of a cash flow at a later date than originally received.

Gordon growth model calculator

Gordon Model is used to determine the current price of a security. The Gordon model assumes that the current price of a security will be affected by the dividends, the growth rate of the dividends, and the required rate of return by shareholders. Use the Gordon Model Calculator below to solve the formula.

Growing Annuity Payment from Future Value, GAP from FV

The growing annuity payment formula using future value is used to calculate the first cash flow or payment of a series of cash flows that grow at a proportional rate

Growing Annuity Payment, GAP

The growing annuity payment from present value formula shown above is used to calculate the initial payment of a series of periodic payments that grow at a proportional rate

Interest Coverage Ratio, ICR

The formula for the interest coverage ratio is used to measure a company's earnings relative to the amount of interest that it pays

Inventory Turnover Ratio, ITR

The formula for the inventory turnover ratio measures how well a company is turning their inventory into sales

Loan to Deposit Ratio, LDR

The loan to deposit ratio is used to calculate a lending institutions ability to cover withdrawals made by its customers

Loan to Value Ratio, LVR

The formula for the loan to value ratio is most commonly referenced in auto loans and mortgages, but can be applied to any loan that is secured with collateral including boat loans, RV loans, and certain types of commercial loans.

Net Profit Margin, NPM

The net profit margin formula looks at how much of a company's revenues are kept as net income

Net Working Capital, NWC

The formula for net working capital (NWC), sometimes referred to as simply working capital, is used to determine the availability of a company's liquid assets by subtracting its current liabilities

Payback Period, PP

The payback period formula is used to determine the length of time it will take to recoup the initial amount invested on a project or investment
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Preferred Stock, PV

A preferred stock is a type of stock that provides dividends prior to any dividend paid to common stocks

Present Value of Annuity Due Payment

Online calculator to calculate the present value of investments based on annuity payment, interest rate and number of payments

Present Value of Perpetuity

A perpetuity is a type of annuity that receives an infinite amount of periodic payments

Present Value of Stock with Zero Growth

The formula for the present value of a stock with zero growth is dividends per period divided by the required return per period
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Price to Book Value, P/BV

Used to compare a company's net assets available to common shareholders relative to the sale price of its stock

Price to Earnings Ratio, P/E

The price to earnings ratio is used as a quick calculation for how a company's stock is perceived by the market to be worth relative to the company's earnings
new

Price to Sales Ratio, P/S

The formula for price to sales ratio, sometimes referenced as the P/S Ratio, is the perceived value of a stock by the market compared to the revenues of the company

Quick Ratio

The Quick Ratio is used for determining a company's ability to cover its short term debt with assets that can readily be transferred into cash, or quick assets
new

Receivables Turnover Ratio

The receivables turnover ratio formula , sometimes referred to as accounts receivable turnover, is sales divided by the average of accounts receivables

Return on Assets, ROA

The return on assets formula looks at the ability of a company to utilize its assets to gain a net profit

Return on Equity, ROE

The formula for return on equity, sometimes abbreviated as ROE, is a company's net income divided by its average stockholder's equity

Rule of 72

The Rule of 72 is a simple formula used to estimate the length of time required to double an investment

Simple savings calculator

The simple savings calculator shows how your investment can grow based on initial and additional deposits, plus interest.